تحلیل اندازه واحدهای بهره‌برداری کشاورزی و ارائه راهکارهای مناسب برای یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی مؤسسة پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعة روستایی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار مؤسسة پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پدیده خرد شدن اراضی کشاورزی که به ‏صورت جدی، از پنجاه سال قبل، آغاز شده و در یک دهه اخیر، به‏‌گونه‌‏ای نگران‌‏کننده در حال افزایش بوده اســت، از موانع بســیار مهم برای تحقق توسعه پایدار و امنیت غذایی در کشور به ‏شمار می‌رود. پژوهش کاربردی حاضر، با هدف بررسی و تحلیل اندازه واحدهای بهره‌برداری کشاورزی و ارائه راهکارهای مناسب برای یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی، به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام گرفت. گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش با بهره‌‏گیری از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه و مصاحبه) انجام پذیرفت؛ و در این ارتباط، برای دستیابی به راهکارهای یکپارچگی اراضی کشاورزی، از تحلیل سوات (SWOT) استفاده ‌شد. بدین منظور، بر اساس بررسی‌های اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و نیز مصاحبه‌ با برخی از کارشناسان و خبرگان، فهرستی از عوامل راهبردی (نقاط قوت، نقاط ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها) تهیه و با ارسال پرسشنامه، نسبت به ارزیابی عوامل داخلی (IEF) و خارجی (EFE) اقدام شد. میانگین نظرات اخذشده از 45 کارشناس ستادی و استانی وزارت جهاد کشاورزی آشنا به موضوع حاکی از آن بود که امتیاز ارزیابی عوامل داخلی (IEF) 2/72 و امتیاز ارزیابی عوامل خارجی (EFE) 2/94 است. برای تدوین راهبردهای یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی با ترکیب زوجی مؤلفه‌های چهارگانه قوت (S)، ضعف (W)، فرصت (O) و تهدید (T)، چهار گروه راهبردهای تهاجمی (SO)، رقابتی (ST)، محافظه‌‏کارانه (WO) و تدافعی (WT) برای یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی کشور استخراج شدند. همچنین، برای تعیین موقعیت راهبردی، از ماتریس داخلی و خارجی (IEM) استفاده ‌شد. با توجه به نتایج به ‏دست‌‏آمده، میانگین امتیاز ارزیابی عوامل داخلی (IEF) و ارزیابی عوامل خارجی (EFE) نقطه برخورد امتیاز ماتریس داخلی و خارجی در منطقه راهبرد تهاجمی (SO) قرار گرفت، بدین معنی که باید اقدامات یکپارچه‏‌سازی در قالب این نوع راهبرد و با استفاده از نقاط قوت داخلی و فرصت‌‌های خارجی انجام شود. بدیهی است که وزارت جهاد کشاورزی برای بهره‏‌گیری مناسب از هشت راهبرد‌‌ SO به‌‏دست‌‏آمده، باید با همکاری و مشارکت سایر دستگاه‌های مسئول، اجرای راهبرد‌‌های ST ،WT و WO را نیز مورد توجه قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Size of Agricultural Utilization Units and Providing the Appropriate Solutions to Land Consolidation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Nasr Esfahani 1
  • Mojtaba Palouj 2
1 Instructor of Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran
2 .Associate Professor of Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Given the important progress in economic activities, the agricultural sector still has a special position in the field of economy and security of society. The importance and central role of the agricultural sector in the national economy in terms of the food security, providing employment, exporting agricultural products and food industries, as well as providing raw materials for many industries are undeniable. Iran's agricultural sector has experienced positive developments over recent years, but it faces various problems and challenges. Agricultural land fragmentation is one of the main challenges of Iran's agriculture, which can affect agricultural production, rural development, labor supply, food security, and land use change. Consolidation of agricultural lands is a logical and practical solution to the changes caused by smallness and fragmentation of lands. Therefore, formulation of land integration strategies is considered as the main component of land management and prevention of land fragmentation. Thus, this study mainly aimed at providing agricultural land integration strategies, so that the planners and plan implementation officials could advance the implementation as desirable as its application to consolidate the agricultural lands.
Materials and Methods: This study used SWOT analysis to find solutions for the land consolidation; in addition, library and field methods (questionnaire and interviews) were used to collect data. For this purpose, a list of strategic factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) was prepared based on document and library reviews and interviews with 45 experts from the headquarters and provincial departments of the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad (MAJ), who were familiar with the subject, and by completing the questionnaires regarding the Internal Factor Evaluation (IEF) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE). The Internal and External Matrices (IEM) were used to determine the strategic position of the land consolidation.
Results and Discussion: The average of the opinions received from staff and provincial experts indicated that the score for evaluating internal factors was 2.72 and for evaluating external factors was 2.94. Based on this, intersection point of internal and external matrix scores was located in the area of SO strategy, which meant that in the framework of this strategy, the land consolidation measures should be carried out using internal strengths and external opportunities. It is obvious that in order to be able to use the 8 SO strategies obtained optimally, the MAJ should pay attention to the implementation of ST, WT and WO strategies with the cooperation and participation of other authorities.
Conclusion: The study results indicated that it was necessary to formulate a strategic and operational plan for the land consolidation according to the different dimensions and aspects of the issue. It was also found necessary to take some measures as follows: the most appropriate use of the capacities and facilities of effective external and internal organizations; formulation and implementation of supportive and encouraging laws and regulations to maintain the land use and strict supervision to prevent the land use change; improving the beneficiaries’ awareness and informing them of the economic and social results of the land consolidation; and finally, the government investment and credit provision as well as granting appropriate credit and banking facilities to the concerned farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Farm Size
  • Land Consolidation
  • Strategic Planning
  • SWOT Analysis

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